Spread Of Computers Essay Research Paper Let free essay sample

Spread Of Computers Essay, Research Paper Let # 8217 ; s face it, in today # 8217 ; s universe we are utilizing computing machines more and more. The growing of handiness to the Internet has given us a trade name new definition to connectivity, therefore exponentially widening the wealth of information at our fingertips. Those of us who are computing machine and Internet users have experienced this rapid growing, yet many users do non understand some the tradeoffs that have been made to convey this degree of user-friendly engineering to desk-tops all over the universe. It # 8217 ; s merely so easy. Buy it, conveying it place, stopper it in, infix a disc, and your on the Internet. From the users position this is an unbelievable spring in the right way. However, from a concern point of position we must be really cautious. Due to the Numberss of concern who are involved in the production of computing machines and the fact that Microsoft has been non merely a corner rock in development, but a family name since the really beginning, creates a potentially risky concern environment. This has been the subject for many heated arguments. The chief inquiry Microsoft has been confronted with is weather or non they have created a monopoly or simply experienced a big market portion and a competitory advantage stemming from their dedication to supply more efficient systems. Historically, the United States has set a case in point to punish companies who demonstrated monopolistic actions. In the Sherman and Clayton Anti-Trust Acts, the United States officially made monopolies against the jurisprudence. However, companies like AT A ; T have endured these alterations, therefore rupturing down their walls of domination, leting room for competition, and guaranting economic growing across the board. The ground why Microsoft is presently under probe is a consequence of some of the following thoughts and events: ? Users have highly limited runing systems that are compatible with bing hardware and the merely operating system included with the purchase of a new computing machine is Windows. ? Integration of the Microsoft Internet Explorer with the already powerful Microsoft Windows runing system is viewed as a monopoly utilizing their already supreme power to seal off competition in yet another country where a market already exists. ( and ) ? Tacticss Microsoft has used in the development of other applications such as web development and design ( i.e. the creative activity of FrontPage ) have created compatibility issues that require extensions that can merely be provided by Microsoft. These are all illustrations of how Microsoft has jockeyed for place in this new, competitory, and evidently vague computing machine concern sphere, extinguishing competition while claiming to be the ultimate saint. To turn out that Microsoft is so a monopolistic force in the operating systems market David Chun, a pupil at UCLA, conducted a study inquiring several different Original Equipment Industries ( OEMs ) these really simple inquiries. 1. Make you offer any other runing systems? 2. Can I purchase computing machines, any theoretical accounts, without purchasing Windows? 3. If non, why? 4. Can I return Windows and acquire a refund? After Mr. Chun contacted several of these OEMs, Sony, DELL, NEC, Gateway, and IBM ( merely to name a few ) , he found the undermentioned information: OEM QSTN 1 QSTN 2 QSTN 3 QSTN 4 SONY No No We are under contract with Microsoft No DELL No No We are under contract with Microsoft No NEC No No We do non hold contracts with other O/S manufs. No IBM No OS2 $ 99 But comes with Windows That # 8217 ; s merely the manner it is. No As you can see from the illustration, non one of these major OEMs offers its clients any options. It seems as though Microsoft has everyone # 8217 ; s custodies tied and all bases to the full covered refering the O/S market. Due to the fact that Microsoft won # 8217 ; t even allow OEMs some kind of refund policy to offer wayward clients who aren # 8217 ; T interested in purchasing their O/S is merely field selfish, forcing other possible O/Ss deeper into the corner they are already seeking to be in. You have to get down to inquire what this giant is truly all about. Everyone knows that for a user to obtain entree through the Internet they need a browser and an Internet Service Provider ( ISP ) . A web browser is a package application that translates hypertext markup linguistic communication ( HTML ) , leting us to surf the web. Recently Microsoft has decided to roll up their version of a browser, Microsoft Internet Explorer, with their operating system, Windows. Microsoft views this as simply adding an ice dispenser to its already bing icebox. However, a company like Netscape who has been a leader in the market for old ages thinks much otherwise. Indeed, it may look every bit simple as adding an ice dispenser ( a simple ascent ) , yet is there truly an independent market that is traveling about seeking to put in ice dispensers? I say no. The browser market does in fact be outside the kingdom of an operating system and Microsoft hinders these other rivals by utilizing its influence in another market with a wholly different merchandise to derive a definite border over all other competition. In a instance between Telex and International Business Machines, the tribunal found, # 8230 ; a monopoly may utilize patterns that any company, irrespective of size, could lawfully use # 8230 ; , nevertheless, # 8230 ; they can non # 8230 ; usage market power in such a manner as to forestall competition. Whether Microsoft has really committed this act is yet to be proven, but I personally think the land for this statement could be established. One thing is for certain. The computing machine industry is unlike any other in being today. It remains the fastest altering industry in the universe and has the authorities running in circle about how to make and implement statute law on affair such as the Microsoft Anti-Trust issue. Until the authorities successfully defines how far a monopoly can develop itself and how it uses bing powers to purchase itself in other markets the computing machine industry will unhappily stay a Wonderland where anything is possible if you # 8217 ; re the 1 with all the power. David Chun. Required to Buy Microsoft Windows. July 08, 1998. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.essential.org/antitrust/ms/jun3survey.html Bruce Holcomb. Recent Decision. The George Washington Law Review. May 1980. Dan Check. The Case Against Microsoft. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.compuserve.com/homepages/spazz.htm Stanley Sporkin. Memorandum Opinion hypertext transfer protocol: //research.bryant.edu/~mbougon/BU-400

The Main Financial Systems

Questions: 1: Explanation of the main financial statement of a business? 2: Comparison of the financial statement of Sole trader and Public limited company? 3: Interpretation of financial statements using ratios? Answers: Introduction The paper provides an overview of the main financial systems that are produced by the business. A comparison of the financial statement of a sole trader and a public limited company has been provided. A comparison of the financial statements using financial ratios has been conducted (Fridson and Alvarez, 2002). 1: Explanation of the main financial statement of a business The major financial statements that are produced by a business are discussed below. 1. Balance sheet The financial position is interpreted by the Balance sheet. It has the following components. Assets: The assets are entities that are owned by the business. It includes plant and machinery, land and building, inventory. Liabilities: The liabilities are the entities that a business owes to someone. It includes bank, loan, and creditors. Equity: It represents what the business owes to the owners. The difference between assets and liabilities are represented by equity. 2. Income statement The financial performance of the organization is represented by the Income statement. It comprises of the following components. Income: The earnings of the business over the period of time are represented by the income statement. It includes dividend income, sales revenue. Expenses: The costs that are incurred by the business over the period of time is represented by the expenses. It includes wages, salaries and depreciation. 3. Cash Flow statement The movement of cash and the bank balances over the period of time is represented by the cash flow statement. It comprises of the following segments which are investing activities, financing activities and operating activities. 4. Statement of the changes in Equity The movement of the owners equity over a period of time is represented by the statement (Houmes and Chira, 2015). 2: Comparison of the financial statement of Sole trader and Public limited company The business of a sole trader is fairly small and it is easy to understand the financial statements of a sole trader. The public limited company is a legal entity that is separate from owners. The owners of the organization are referred to as the share holders. The balance sheet of a sole trader has a capital account while the balance sheet of a public limited company has a capital and reserves section. The sole traders start their business with the personal capital. The sole trader with draws the money from the business for personal reasons. This is deducted from the capital account and it is shown in the drawings section of the balance sheet. The balance sheet of a public limited has various sources of capital. The shareholders funds are shown in the liability side which is not shown in the balance sheet of the sole trader. The shareholders of a public limited company are paid dividend. This is shown in the section of current liabilities while there is no such amount shown in the balance sheet of limited company. The financial statement of a sole trader does not follow any Companys Act while the financial statement of public limited company is based on the Companys Act (Nissim and Penman, n.d.). 3: Interpretation of financial statements using ratios Gross profit margin Manufacturing Wholesale Gross profit margin 25% 47% Gross Profit 10,400.00 12,430.00 Sales 40,870.00 26,540.00 The gross profit margin for the manufacturing company is 25% while it is 47% for the wholesale business. The gross profit margin indicates the ability of the company to draw profit from the total sales. The gross profit margin for manufacturing firm is lower than that of the whole sale business. Net profit margin Manufacturing Wholesale Net profit margin 14% 11% Net Profit 5,850.00 2,950.00 Sales 40,870.00 26,540.00 The net profit margin indicates the ability of the company to earn profit from the sales after deduction of the expenses. The net profit margin for the manufacturing company is 14% while the net profit margin for whole sale company is 11%. The net profit margin of the whole sale company is lower than the manufacturing company as the expenses of the whole sale company is higher than the manufacturing company. Current ratio Manufacturing Wholesale Current Ratio 1.287179487 1.71864407 Current Assets 2510 5070 Current Liabilities 1950 2950 The current ratio represents the ability of the company to repay its short term obligations. The current ratio for manufacturing firm is 1.28:1 and the current ratio for Whole sale is 1.71:1. The ideal current ratio is estimated to be 2:1. It is seen that both the companies are able to meet their short term obligations. Quick ratio Manufacturing Wholesale Quick Ratio 0.046153846 0.91525424 Current assets 2510 5070 Inventory 2420 2370 Current liabilities 1950 2950 The quick ratio represents the ability of company to repay its short term obligations without using the inventory. The repayment of the liabilities is done by liquid cash. It is seen that the quick ratio for the manufacturing and the whole sale business are quite low. However the quick ratio for the manufacturing firm is much lower than the whole sale business. Gearing ratio Manufacturing Wholesale Gearing ratio 40% 37% Long term Liabilities 2000 3170 Capital employed 5000 8670 Gearing ratio 40% 37% The gearing ratio for manufacturing sector is 40% while that of whole sale is 37% (Peterson Drake and Fabozzi, 2012). Conclusion The paper has highlighted the major financial statement. They are the income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement and changes inequity. A comparison of the financial performance of the two companies by ratio analysis has been done. References Fridson, M. and Alvarez, F. (2002).Financial statement analysis. New York: John Wiley Sons. Houmes, R. and Chira, I. (2015). The effect of ownership structure on the price earnings ratio returns anomaly.International Review of Financial Analysis, 37, pp.140-147. Nissim, D. and Penman, S. (n.d.). Ratio Analysis and Equity Valuation.SSRN Journal. Peterson Drake, P. and Fabozzi, F. (2012).Analysis of financial statements. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley.

Sample Essay for Standard English Essay

Sample Essay for Standard English EssayStandard English essay sample can be found online, through individual sources or by using the services of online tutors. This essay can be used as a guideline for the instructor's grading system, and it helps you in discovering some facts about the subject matter of your essay. Standard English essay sample is also referred to as American English essay sample and Standard Academic Essay.Standard English essay sample consists of a chapter, an outline, a few sample sentences, and some definitions. To be able to read and understand the Standard English essay sample, students need to have a basic knowledge of English grammar. As many people do not possess such knowledge, the school or tutor should provide them with a template so that they can construct a proper writing style. Otherwise, they may end up with an unorganized and poorly written essay.If you do not want to write on your own, then a standard essay has been designed for you, as it will ser ve as a sample. It will help you in understanding the rules of composition, and it will help you build a structure to organize your thoughts. The Standard essay is divided into two parts - the main idea of the essay, and the body of the essay.The chapter of the essay consists of the actual content of the essay. This can include the first paragraph, the first line of the introduction, and the conclusion. It should be read as a whole, but if necessary, you can skip some parts.The first paragraph gives the general idea of the essay, and it includes a particular sentence to connect it to the whole essay. The body is the actual content of the essay, which comprise the body of the essay, the conclusion, and a list of proofs for the conclusion.Standard academic English essay sample provides you with examples of the past or present; it does not contain the American Style. You need to prepare the sample using the American style. The students who are writing essays should study and copy it as close as possible to the modern spelling.When students use the Standard essay, they are writing according to the contemporary style of writing used in the United States of America. However, some people prefer to use the American style, as it makes their essays clearer. Both English style and American style are common in different countries. Even though American and English style are often the same, there are some differences between the two.Standard academic essay can also be used for college admissions. A student should know how to write a good essay if he wishes to get into college, and he should get a standard English essay sample from the school or tutor. He should practice writing in a way that reflects his personality and talents.

The Scarlet Letter The Pearl Essay Example For Students

The Scarlet Letter The Pearl Essay The Scarlet Letter The PearlPearl: A product of NaturePearl is one of the most interesting and mysterious characters of the novel The Scarlet Letter. One tends to wonder why Pearl is the way she is. Why does she act so strangely and so differently than all the other characters? She acts this way because of a relationship she has with the force of Nature, which Hawthorne personifies as sympathetic towards sins against the puritan way of life. Because of this trait Hesters sin causes Nature to accept Pearl. Finally, Pearls acceptance of Nature is what causes her to act the way she does. We will write a custom essay on The Scarlet Letter The Pearl specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now First it is necessary to examine how nature is identified with sin against the Puritan way of life. The first example of this is found in the first chapter regarding the rosebush at the prison door. This rosebush is located on one side of the portal, and rooted almost at the threshold(36) of the prison. The prison naturallyis the place where people that have sinned against the puritan way of life remain. Then Hawthorne suggests that the roses of the rose-bush might be imagined to offer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner as he went in, and to the condemned criminal as he came forth to his doom, in token that the deep heartof Nature could pity and be kind to him(36). This clearly states that Nature is kind to prisoners and criminals that pass through the prison doors. Hawthorne strengthens this point by suggesting two possible reasons for the rosebushs genesis. The first is that it had merely survived out of the stern oldwilderness(36), while the second reason is that t here is fair authority for believing the rose-bush had sprung up under the footsteps of the sainted Ann Hutchinson(36). By Hawthornes wording it appears as if he is emphasizing the second reason because he suggests there is fair authority. Connecting therosebush originating from Ann Hutchinson, an outcast from puritan society, shows the connection with Nature and sin against puritan way of life. This rosebush symbolizes the sympathy of Nature towards the very people Puritan society has condemned. The idea illustrated by the rosebush can therefore be applied to the specific character of Pearl. Because Pearl was expelled from Puritan society Nature sympathizes with her. Natures sympathy and partiality with Pearl can be seen with the sunshine in the forest. Pearl attempts to catch the sunshine and according to Hawthorn Pearl . . . did actually catch the sunshine . . . The light lingered about the lonely child, as if glad of such a playmate . . .(146). Hawthorn describes another sign of acceptance as the great black forest . . . became the playmate of the lonely infant(163). Hawthorne eventually declares that The truth seems to be . . . that the mother-forest, and these wild things which it nourished, all recognized a kindred wildness in the human child(163). All natural things an..d Nature accept this little girl who has been thrust out of Puritan society. A way to strengthen this point is to show Natures reaction to Hester. The strange thing is that the sunshine runs from Hester even though it was her sin against the Puritan laws that produced Pearl who is accepted by the sunshine or Nature. In fact the sunshine runs away and hides itself, because it is afraid of something on Hesters bosom (146), the Scarlet Letter, which represents Hesters acceptance of Puritan law and way of life. Therefore her sin doesnt invite the sympathy of Nature. This is why when she throws the letter on the ground forth burst the sunshine, pouring a very flood into the obscure forest . . .(162). Only then did Nature show its acceptance by flooding the forest with sunshine. .u4cc8f77b5468684ae13686d86840ae26 , .u4cc8f77b5468684ae13686d86840ae26 .postImageUrl , .u4cc8f77b5468684ae13686d86840ae26 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4cc8f77b5468684ae13686d86840ae26 , .u4cc8f77b5468684ae13686d86840ae26:hover , .u4cc8f77b5468684ae13686d86840ae26:visited , .u4cc8f77b5468684ae13686d86840ae26:active { border:0!important; } .u4cc8f77b5468684ae13686d86840ae26 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4cc8f77b5468684ae13686d86840ae26 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4cc8f77b5468684ae13686d86840ae26:active , .u4cc8f77b5468684ae13686d86840ae26:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4cc8f77b5468684ae13686d86840ae26 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4cc8f77b5468684ae13686d86840ae26 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4cc8f77b5468684ae13686d86840ae26 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4cc8f77b5468684ae13686d86840ae26 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4cc8f77b5468684ae13686d86840ae26:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4cc8f77b5468684ae13686d86840ae26 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4cc8f77b5468684ae13686d86840ae26 .u4cc8f77b5468684ae13686d86840ae26-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4cc8f77b5468684ae13686d86840ae26:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Computer Fraud And Crimes EssayThe sympathy that Nature extends to Pearl is what makes her so different. Pearl has two personalities, one being that which belongs to Puritan life, the other being that of the wild elf-child of the forest. For her entire life she has been ostracized from Puritan society so she has no choice but to accept her kindredwildness that Nature accepts in her. This is the key to why Pearl is such

Sociological Concept Womens Social Standing

Sociological Concept Womens Social Standing Introduction Sociological concepts are specific ways in sociology of approaching any given phenomenon. They assist us to get insight picture of the social world that goes beyond justifications that rely on individual characters and idiosyncrasies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sociological Concept: Women’s Social Standing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They also assist us to view the general social pattern of an individual’s behavior, and they usually presume that official justifications are self-serving and partial. Social perspective involves a conscious endeavor to go past what is obvious and question what is believed to be a common sense or what is believed to be true. It entails upholding objectivity by critically examining ideas, and accepting what may appear to be awkward or astonishing based on the substantiation. They study everything from actual elucidation to extensive generalization (Cha dwick, 2001). However, the early sociologists also presented a broad perception of the essentials of society. Their perceptions form the basis for the current theoretical paradigms or points of views, which offers them an orienting outline and an idealistic position for asking particular questions regarding social perspective. Paying closer attention to the concept of women’s social standing, gender aspects are now perceived as attributes of social structures influencing women’s roles and status in culturally and economically predetermined society. In addition, women’s status is also largely dependent on personal experience forming women’s outlook on their position in relation to men. Social Concept: Women’s Social Standing Due to the fact that members of society depend on social structures they live in, they strive to frame everyday situations in accordance with the rules dictated by a particular community. Currently, women are rigidly distinguish ed from men’ perception of social rules and concepts while being involved in social interaction. This is because they rely on different experiences creating specific frames and blocks of sociological concepts (Macionis and Gerber, 2009, p. 127). While considering women’s statuses in society, it is necessary to make reference to several aspects influencing their position and affiliation to a particular group. Aside from stereotypes ascribed to women, there are many other settings and conditions influencing their behavioral patterns. Depending on the status a women holds in society, she performs various roles, but when there is more than one social position assigned to a women, it can create a set of multiple roles. All these roles are closely associated with cultural and economic aspects providing shifts in social positions and roles. For instance, when it comes to developing countries, women are less bound to educational background, but are more affiliated to their fam ily roles being an important component of social identity.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In contrast, high-income economies provide more opportunities for people to spend more years as students and exercise family roles less frequently (Macionis and Gerber, 2009, p. 129). These disparities influence women’s perception in various settings and when people strive to break those stereotypes they encounter a number of challenges. Understanding women’s social position in the contemporary society is especially vital because the social reality itself dictates what roles and statuses should be performed by female representatives in our world community. The concept of social reality shape women’s perceptions, beliefs, and outlooks affecting the nature and character of social interaction. In particular, women’s marital and familial roles can be dictat ed by culture, stereotypes, identities and economic situation in a certain environment. The situation concerns the aspect of equality aspect that differs from society to society whose impact is far from positive. According to the research provided by Das and Gupta (1995), the family structures and role set can have a huge impact on resource distribution between two sexes in the family (p. 92). Specifically â€Å"high maternal mortality†¦is associated with the patriarchal family structure which reduces women’s autonomy and their share of material and social resources† (Das and Gupta, 1995, p. 92). In this regard, inequality in social positions generates much more serious problems than it can be viewed at a glance. Despite the presence of fixed stereotypes apropos of the concept of women’s social standing, women’s roles and statuses are gradually changing with the emergence of certain movements and trends among which the globalization process is the mo st powerful one. In this perspective, Hooks (2000) recognizes that the possibility that feminism defined as social equality with men might easily become a movement that would primarily affect the social standing of white women in middle- and upper-class groups while affecting only in a very marginal way that social status of working-class and poor women (p. 19). While evaluating this statement, most of female issues are closely related to the firmly established cultural overlays that prevent women from building new behavioral patterns and performing new, more acceptable roles in the globalized society. At the same time, there are specific social positions that women are reluctant to drop because it can negatively influence their social and cultural identities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sociological Concept: Women’s Social Standing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Women’s social position is largel y dependent on class, age, gender and ethnicity backgrounds. The construction of a particular identity is often based on personal experience, acceptance, and outlooks on the above-presented issues. With regard to this, Chrisler and McCreary (2010) have highlight male-female disparities concerning gender aspects and have stated that â€Å"women were viewed as appropriately marrying relatively early (between ages 19 and 24), as past their period of maximal responsibility at 40, and as having accomplished most of what they would accomplish by 45† (p. 570). The presented disposition reveals the differences in roles that women perform as compared to males who are more likely to take similar responsibilities at later stages. The influence of gender difference on social roles is also associated with behavior patterns that align with the demands and functions of the role. Within the established framework, it is worth stating that gender is not merely an indicator of biological featur es; rather, gender identifies the constantly re-created changes to individual socialization and social interaction. In this regard, gender is an important attribute of social structures. According to Brinkerhorf et al. (2007), biological differences can be reinforced by social stereotypes because men and women are often imposed by conceptions concerning how males and females should look like. Indeed, physical and biological characteristics can be considered the core aspects in assessing women in certain social practices, like sport, medicine, fashion, etc. Furthermore, â€Å"[g]ender is built into social structure when workplaces don’t provide day care; women don’t receive equal pay, fathers, don’t receive paternity leave, basket balls, executive chairs, and power drills are sized to fit the average man†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Brinkerhorff et al., 2007, p. 203). Interpreting this, producing changes to gender attitudes and roles can lead to social changes in case there a re simultaneous changes in social structures and gender issues. At the same time, as soon social structures undergo changes, gender roles are also influenced by shifts in perception. Discussing the Concept of Women’s Social Standing with Regard to Existing Theoretical Approaches Currently, sociologists employ three main perspectives or theories, namely: conflict, interactionist, and functionalist perspective. All these approaches can be disclosed through the concept of women’s social standing and its role in society. In order to understand this social perspective, it is necessary to consider the above-proposed theories in more detail with regard to the role of women in social interaction.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conflict theory Many sociologists refer to role conflict as a result of confrontation of two or more statuses hold by people. Women can experience role conflict when they are forced to take various directions while trying to respond to the statuses they currently take (Macionis and Gerber, 2009, p. 129). In this regard, conflict theory emphasizes material, social or political differences of a social group which analyzes the extensive socio-political structure, or which undermines ideological conservatism and structural functionalism (Thompson, 2005). This theory emanated from the sociology of crisis and social change. It is most commonly connected to Marxism as a response to functionalism. This theory focuses on conflict in the society; its discourse is on the occurrence of conflict and what causes conflict in the society. There are various modes of conflicts, one of them being that of revolution and warfare. These occur in phases because of rocky collations among different social c lasses. Domination is another mode of conflict in the conflict sociological perspective. Various social divisions tend to form different principles based on promotion of the welfare of their own class. Ideas of lower classes reveal the desire in their own lives while that of higher classes have more conceptual perspectives. Strikes in the current society have become a major social partition between the management and the employees in every organization (Macionis and Gerber, 2009, p. 131). Even if a woman takes a single social role, which is quite rare, it can also create tensions because of imposing various demands by other members of society. Role strain, hence, is a confrontation of roles attached to a single status. For instance, a woman can work as a teacher evaluating students’ achievements objectively and fairly. At the same time, she can behave more subjectively when treating her children. These two roles should not be confused; alternatively, it can lead to a role con flict. Fulfilling various roles connected to one status serves as a kind of balancing act. One approach to eliminating role conflict is separating dimensions of our life so that one can perform particular roles attached to one status and carry out other roles associated with another status in a completely different environment (Chrisler and McCleary, 2010, p. 571). The problem of role separations is specifically connected with separating family life from job and vice versa. Symbolic interactionist perspective Symbolic interactionist perspective is also referred to as symbolic interactionism. This kind of sociological perspective allows sociologists to consider the details and symbols of daily life, the meaning of these symbols and the way people interact with one another. It offers a serious thought on the manners in which people act, and seeks out to establish the meanings which people attach to their own deeds and symbols, also to those of others. There have been claims from criti cs that symbolic interactionist perspective does not take into account the macro levels of social understanding; in other terms, this perspective may neglect crucial issues in the society by directing more interest on the tree rather than the forest. For instance, it focuses more on the size of the ring rather than the quality of the marriage (Reynolds and Herman-Kinney, 2003, p. 173). There are also claims that symbolic interactionism also put less consideration on the influence of social institutions and forces on individual relations. When it comes to social interaction and women social position, symbolic interactionists refer to such concepts as ethno methodology and conversation analysis. These threefold relations are unveiled through consideration of meaning, language and social interaction, but in different ways. Hence, meaning implies the study of gestures, responses to those gestures and consequences of those interactions. Meaning can be presented beyond awareness of object ive existence of particular notions. Its objectiveness lies within a response scheme. Hence, there are certain gestures and acts that are predetermined by gender only making reference to cultural disposition, values and attitudes (Reynolds and Herman-Kinney, 2003, p. 174). Women’s social status imposes a number of such behavioral patterns and gestures indicating their roles and positions, which depend on cultural and social identities establish in a particular community. George Mead, an American philosopher introduced symbolic interactionism to American sociology in 1925 (Chadwick, 2001). Consider application of symbolic interactionist perspective to the institution of marriage; symbols may include a wedding cake, music, flowers, church ceremony and a bridal dress (Pacific Sociological Association, 2008). For instance, one partner may view the wedding ring as a mere expenditure while the other partner may view it as a sign of enduring love. Oral conversations, in which spoken words function as major symbols, make this personal understanding particularly apparent. The words bear some meaning for the sender, and they optimistically bear the same meaning for the recipient (Reynolds and Herman-Kinney, 2003, p. 180). In fact, anything can act as a symbol provided it refers to something beyond itself. Therefore, symbolic interactionism offers a serious thought on the manners in which people act, and seeks out to establish the meanings which people attach to their own deeds and symbols, also to those of others. Functionalist perspective Functionalist perspective has its center of attention on the input and output relationships and mental actions. It is based on the ideology that mental conditions are understood by effects of behavior, sensory stimulation and other inner acts. According to functionalism, the mental condition of a human being is not restricted to the biological systems of human organism; instead, computer and other non-biological systems, displa y functional relations that are similar to human biological systems and are believed to have similar mental condition. Specifically, structural functionalism is a broad theory which addresses social structure in terms of function of its basic elements including traditions, norms, institutions and customs. Additionally, it studies society as a structure with interconnected divisions (Pacific Sociological Association, 2008). This perspective has chronological resemblance with the application of scientific techniques in research and social theory. The structural-functionalist approach considers family as a social institution that carries out specific functions in society, like producing young generation, socializing, and providing emotional and physical care for family members. Accordingly, conventional gender roles also contribute to successful family functioning where women perform the role of managing houses and providing nurturing and emotional care to family members. However, rapi d social change and breakdown of a traditional social institution of family and marriage has led high rates of divorce, which is seen as the main social problem (Mooney, Knox, and Schacht, 2010, p. 157). In its turn, shifts in women’s roles and status within a family can also contribute to the problems of poverty, crimes, and substance abuse. Structural functionalism became very popular among the American sociologists between 1940 and 1954; it focused on ascertaining the functions of human behavior (Thompson, 2005). Robert Merton is one the American sociologist who divided human function into two kinds, namely latent functions and manifest functions. Latent functions are not apparent neither are they intentional, but, manifest functions are apparent and intentional (Ferrante, 2010, p. 29). Considering those functions, woman’s position in society can also be dependent on a latent and manifest functions perspective. For example, manifest function that each woman performs is that of a mother, a wife, or a daughter. These roles can be explicitly revealed in certain settings and they contribute to balance and stability in society. At the same time, performing a particular role, a woman can feel stressful due to excessive imposition of responsibility. Caring for children requires great responsibility and skills, which often lack because of experience gap and other issues. In general, women should strike the balance between the functions they perform to avoid dysfunctions and social changes these functions undergo. Apparently, feminism is the result of latent functions coming to the forth. With regard to the sociological concepts studied, functionalisms can disclose distinctive features of women’s perceptions, reactions that contribute to building behavioral patterns in various social frameworks (Macionis and Gerber, 2009, p. 127). Owing to the fact that mental states are not limited to a particular behavior models, they can be realized in numero us ways. For instance, a silicon-based machine could, in principle, have the same sort of mental life like that of a human being. However, this would only be when its cognitive system realizes proper functional roles. Hence, women’s role in a particular setting is largely predetermined by earlier established patterns that have been formed on at a mental level of perception. Conclusion The concept of women’s social standing is predetermined by women’s particular roles they perform in culturally and economically predetermined societies. Aside from traditions and stereotypical images attached to women and their place in social structures, they are often affected by gender, race, and age factors being the attributes of social structures as well. Furthermore, women’s social position considerably depends on educational background and personal experience that forms women’s values, outlooks, and beliefs in certain settings. Therefore, the presence of certa in sociological concepts assists people in understanding the social world going beyond judgments and justifications and relying on particular characters and idiosyncrasies. Additionally, understanding social roles of women contributes to better analysis of behavioral patterns existing in society that influence the overall appraisal of social constructions. Owing to the fact that all members of society depend on those social structures, they strive to frame life situations within the rules and clichà ©s dictated by a particular community. This issue considerably affects women because global shifts in perceptions influence specific social and cultural frames women got accustomed to. Reference List Brinkerhoff, D. B., White, L. K., and Ortega, S. T. (2007). Essentials of Sociology. US: Cengage Learning. Chadwick, R. (2001). Native Americans today: sociological concepts. Chicago: Harper Collins. Chrisler, J. C., and McCreary, D. R. (2010). Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology. US : Springer. Das, M. S., and Gupta, V. K. (1995). Social Status of Women in Developing Countries. New Delhi: M D Publications PVT LTD. Ferrante, J. (2010). Sociology: A Global Perspective. US: Cengage Learning. Hooks, B. (2000). Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center. US: Pluto Press. Macionis, J., Gerber, L. (2009). Sociology. Canada: Pearson Education Mooney, L. A. Knox, D., and Schacht, C. (2010). Understanding Social Problems. US: Cengage Learning. Pacific Sociological Association, (2008). Sociological concepts: SP: official publication of perspectives. New York: Routledge press. Reynolds, L. T., and Herman-Kinney, N. J. (2003). Handbook of symbolic interactionism. UK: Rowman Altamira. Thompson, K. (2005). Sociological concepts. New York: Penguin Group

Managing and accounting for financial resources Essay

Managing and accounting for financial resources - Essay Example There are two types of financial resources, namely short term financial resources and long term financial resources. 1. Bank advances - The most important source of financing is bank advances. The banks seek security either in the form of hypothecation or in the form of pledge for providing financial assistance, for providing: Revolving Credit - Revolving credit is a special alternative banking system designed for the farmers and other unorganized segments of the society. It is a running overdraft facility offered by the bank to the customers against their anticipated gross income compulsorily to be flowed into the Bank. Purchase/discount of Bills - A bill arises out of a trade transaction. The seller of goods draws the bill on the purchaser. On acceptance of the bill by the purchaser, the seller offers it to the bank for discount/ purchase. The bank will give finance to the seller and collect the amount from the purchaser on the due date. Bankers’ acceptance - A bankers acceptance (BA) is an order to pay a sum of money at a certain date. The BA is created by a banking customer and provided to a third party. The third party presents the BA to the bank. When the bank "accepts" the BA, it is assuming responsibility to make the specified payment. The bank will assume risk as well as provide finance only in direct form of financial assistance. Banks also provide indirect assistance in the form of ‘Letter of credit’. A letter of credit is an arrangement whereby the bank helps its customer to obtain credit from the customer’s suppliers. The bank, by opening a letter of credit, undertakes the responsibility to honour the obligation of its customer in case the customer fails to do so. 2. Supplier Credit term - This is a spontaneous source of finance which is extended by the supplier of goods or services without any specific negotiations. It is given on account of the

What do you think has been the most profound and enduring consequence Essay

What do you think has been the most profound and enduring consequence of colonialism in Africa Can it be said that colonialism had positive consequences - Essay Example onists normally govern the possessions, work force, and the trading aspects of the colony, and may enforce certain rules on the local people of that particular colony. In Africa, colonialism has most profound and enduring consequences that can either be positive or negative consequences. This paper, therefore, highlights some of the most profound and enduring consequences of colonialism, in Africa. It further argues whether or not colonialism had positive consequences, in Africa. The process of colonialism on the African land significantly transformed its account forever. Every way of living of the Africans changed completely from the way they think to culture, which were forever put in place by the change in their political system that was brought about by the process of colonialism (Thomson 67). The economy of Africa also transformed due to the slave trade through imperialism and the economic strategies that were imposed by the colonists. The major impacts and long lasting effects of colonialism, in Africa, include racial discrimination to Africans, tribal violence, and total poverty. According to Ali Mazrui, racial expression is the major lasting effect of colonialism in Africa, taking the example of the South African’s apartheid era, which took a long time to end even after they got their independent from the European colonists (Mazrui 116). The Europeans most awful heritage was the presence of the White racist state, which existed up to the year 1994, in South Africa. Apartheid was an acceptable racial discrimination method that was centered upon different ethnic backgrounds in South Africa. The people of South Africa were discriminated according to their races, and the local black population was denied the citizenship (Mazrui 112). The Whites were offered quality education, proper housing, good jobs, and excellent medical care. The apartheid system was so unreasonable with only whites who were less than te n percent trying to rule upon a larger population