Managing and accounting for financial resources Essay

Managing and accounting for financial resources - Essay Example There are two types of financial resources, namely short term financial resources and long term financial resources. 1. Bank advances - The most important source of financing is bank advances. The banks seek security either in the form of hypothecation or in the form of pledge for providing financial assistance, for providing: Revolving Credit - Revolving credit is a special alternative banking system designed for the farmers and other unorganized segments of the society. It is a running overdraft facility offered by the bank to the customers against their anticipated gross income compulsorily to be flowed into the Bank. Purchase/discount of Bills - A bill arises out of a trade transaction. The seller of goods draws the bill on the purchaser. On acceptance of the bill by the purchaser, the seller offers it to the bank for discount/ purchase. The bank will give finance to the seller and collect the amount from the purchaser on the due date. Bankers’ acceptance - A bankers acceptance (BA) is an order to pay a sum of money at a certain date. The BA is created by a banking customer and provided to a third party. The third party presents the BA to the bank. When the bank "accepts" the BA, it is assuming responsibility to make the specified payment. The bank will assume risk as well as provide finance only in direct form of financial assistance. Banks also provide indirect assistance in the form of ‘Letter of credit’. A letter of credit is an arrangement whereby the bank helps its customer to obtain credit from the customer’s suppliers. The bank, by opening a letter of credit, undertakes the responsibility to honour the obligation of its customer in case the customer fails to do so. 2. Supplier Credit term - This is a spontaneous source of finance which is extended by the supplier of goods or services without any specific negotiations. It is given on account of the

What do you think has been the most profound and enduring consequence Essay

What do you think has been the most profound and enduring consequence of colonialism in Africa Can it be said that colonialism had positive consequences - Essay Example onists normally govern the possessions, work force, and the trading aspects of the colony, and may enforce certain rules on the local people of that particular colony. In Africa, colonialism has most profound and enduring consequences that can either be positive or negative consequences. This paper, therefore, highlights some of the most profound and enduring consequences of colonialism, in Africa. It further argues whether or not colonialism had positive consequences, in Africa. The process of colonialism on the African land significantly transformed its account forever. Every way of living of the Africans changed completely from the way they think to culture, which were forever put in place by the change in their political system that was brought about by the process of colonialism (Thomson 67). The economy of Africa also transformed due to the slave trade through imperialism and the economic strategies that were imposed by the colonists. The major impacts and long lasting effects of colonialism, in Africa, include racial discrimination to Africans, tribal violence, and total poverty. According to Ali Mazrui, racial expression is the major lasting effect of colonialism in Africa, taking the example of the South African’s apartheid era, which took a long time to end even after they got their independent from the European colonists (Mazrui 116). The Europeans most awful heritage was the presence of the White racist state, which existed up to the year 1994, in South Africa. Apartheid was an acceptable racial discrimination method that was centered upon different ethnic backgrounds in South Africa. The people of South Africa were discriminated according to their races, and the local black population was denied the citizenship (Mazrui 112). The Whites were offered quality education, proper housing, good jobs, and excellent medical care. The apartheid system was so unreasonable with only whites who were less than te n percent trying to rule upon a larger population

E-commerce innovation Essay Example for Free

E-commerce innovation Essay Abstract The 21st century has been an era of technological development. Life has been a huge success it is possible to get almost anything that you want. Business done through the aid of an internet is called electronic commerce. This kind of business has boomed in the 21st century with the massive availability of personal computers and laptops. Anyone who has been into shopping online will not miss e-bay. E-bay is one shopping center online that has recently been a favorite of those who loves to do shopping without a hassle. E-bay has been in the business for twelve years. This study embark upon the organizational framework of e-bay that aid them in generating more than they have imagined and the organizational strategies of e-bay. Anyone who gets into business has only one thing in mind, success. Success for one business depends on a lot of factors. Apart from its product, the management and the team behind it matters most. This holds true especially for the e-commerce business because this needs a lot of effort on the part of the management to make it appealing to online customers and to make it worthy of trust of many to believe and give their credit card numbers and trust it with money matters. eBay offers more than just a place for auction; they have numerous programs that cater to the need of its client. E-bay has not only conquered North America but also Asia and Europe. The analysis of the organizational strategies of e-bay was done by doing a content analysis of the documents released regarding their system of management. Introduction The 21st century has been an era of technological development. Life has been a huge success it is possible to get almost anything that you want. Development has been continuous and this is not going to stop. Each tries to adapt to the changes that happens in his life and he has to deal with it. Everything happens in the internet, anything that one could think of. There is internet shopping, online education and internet banking and so many more. Since the time internet came into being; information gathering has never been easy. Nowadays, we can get all information that we need with just one snap of the finger. Name the service that you want and the internet has it. You need to study? The web has a site for online education. Need help on money matters? There’s online banking. You would like to shop but have no time to stand up from your work? Even shopping can be done online. Doing business online is termed as e-commerce or e-business. Examples of internet websites that cater to e-commerce business would be commercial sites like Amazon.com, Buy.com, and eBay (Sharpened, 2002). Within these sites, one could do online shopping. Business done through the aid of an internet is called electronic commerce. This kind of business has boomed in the 21st century with the massive availability of personal computers and laptops. Forrester research has recorded total of $12.2 billion sales in 2003 contributed by e-commerce industry (Wikipedia). E-commerce was introduce in the seventies and has evolved in its use since. In the seventies it was only use for transferring of funds and data electronically to aid companies. Then in the eighties the growth of automated teller machines and online banking was because of e-commerce as well. In the nineties, shopping online was the other kind of e-commerce that was introduced in the business (Wikipedia). Anyone who has been into shopping online will not miss e-bay. E-bay is one shopping center online that has recently been a favorite of those who loves to do shopping without a hassle. E-bay has been in the business for twelve years. This company has been a fruit of a trial and error of three prominent people in the business now. The three icons of e-bay are Pierre Omidyar, Meg Whitman and Jim Griffith. These three have made a beautiful outcome of a trial business that has been a very good decision. If to be compared to its contemporary e-commerce websites that were born the same time that they were, their capitalization is twenty five percent more than that of its counterpart (Maney, 2005). What is the secret behind e-bay’s success? What is the organizational framework of e-bay that aid them in generating more than they have imagined in a business that some has notes as skeptical? What could be the organizational strategies of e-bay? Literature Review Anyone who gets into business has only one thing in mind, success. Success for one business depends on a lot of factors. Apart from its product, the management and the team behind it matters most. This holds true especially for the e-commerce business because this needs a lot of effort on the part of the management to make it appealing to online customers and to make it worthy of trust of many to believe and give their credit card numbers and trust it with money matters. Companies try to always to check their management system is helping flourish their business. Business strategies are needed to make sure that one stays in the market long. To make sure that everything is in order, one needs to check if its employees are able to meet up the standards set by the company. The development of the use of corporate code of conducts to govern the behavior of employees has flourished since the passage of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) in 1977. Back then this code of conducts or corporate social responsibility (CSR) was seen as explicit directives for the employees but today employers were able to understand that these are helpful tools in handling their employees and making their work advantageous for the company. Culture set the business behavior that surrounds a corporations code of conduct. Factors that are included are the way we comprehend the environment, how we use time and power, how we perceive space and structures. Also included is our perception of collective and individual task or relationships. If manage properly, CSR can help in fulfilling economic, social and environmental ambitions. Vital part of corporate governance will include the way codes of conduct are integrated in their operations. To make sure that a global company is competing ethically and effectively, one needs to make sure that the company’s code of conduct are made known to their employees so that they could incorporate it in their way of working (Wozniak, 1997). HSBC is one organization that provides banking and financial services that is doing its best to make up for all the losses and is giving a promising return to its consumers. They might not be the largest company but they have been awarded a couple of excellence award because of their great customer relation and promising return of investments. HSBC has now what a strategic plan they named Managing for Growth. HSBC has lay down their ways for achieving their objective of having an accelerated their rate of revenue. They still have to develop their brand strategy and improve their productivity at the same time maintaining strong position regarding management risk and financial aspect. Employees are also part of those that needs enhancing to make sure that they will be successful in achieving their goals. Part of the company’s plan is giving good rewards to those employees who will achieve the criteria that they have set (HSBC fact sheet, 2006). Every company has their own strategy but the burden lies in properly executing this strategies. Chapman (2004) has concluded that almost ninety percent of companies fail in properly executing their strategies. Studies show that when CEO’s who have failed have been interviewed said that the thing that led them to downfall was the bad execution of strategies that they have formulated. Only fourteen percent of those included in Times 1000 companies have commented that they are implementing good strategies. (Chapman, 2004) Proper management of business and financial risk is needed in order to ensure that an industry like the online shopping and any traditional company associated with it is here to stay. It is easy to acquire a debt but maintaining its positive impact in one company needs a lot of effort and planning. Business risk should be managed well and risk should be realigned in a way to cut costs; Optimized firm’s operating and financing costs; Trade off fixed charge and variable charge costs; Risk management; and when to increase and decrease risk. (Brackers, 2004) Methodology Analysis of the organizational strategies of e-bay by doing a content analysis of the documents released regarding their system of management. Findings / Results E-bay is a phenomenal hit when it comes to online shopping. Their organizational structure is just the same with other big companies. Reports shows that executives of this big company has still the traditional job titles but with a little modification with their job descriptions. To make an organizational structure of an online shopping business advantageous one needs to put more emphasis on its account management and customer relationship manpower (Keen and Qureshiï€ ª, 2006). Most of e-bays top ranking officials are graduates of good international universities and they have satisfactory working experiences as well. Most of them have taken a degree from Stanford University. E-bay has not only conquered North America but also Asia and Europe. There were twelve countries included in the Asian region, thirteen in the European region, greater part of Canada and United States (http://pages.ebay.com/aboutebay/thecompany/companyoverview.html). eBay offers more than just a place for auction; they have numerous programs that cater to the need of its client. These services include The eBay Marketplace, this is where customers could buy and sell their products; PayPal, aids in online monetary transactions of companies and individuals; Skype, is the program of e-bay that is focus on internet communication; Shopping.com, as name implies this is a site for shopping and more shopping that is; Rent.com, is the online apartment listing of eBay in the United States; and Online Classifieds, is a part of the eBay program that is an aid on the communication on a local level. (http://pages.ebay.com/aboutebay/thecompany/companyoverview.html). As recorded, the total number of eBay users worldwide has reach one hundred eighty one million. This total number of users has given eBay total revenue of $44.3 billion in 2005. The good quality of the developer of eBay is that they never loose hope despite all the adversities that they had. They wee also well in choosing in whom to put in specific spots that they needed. Pierre Omidyar, the chairman of eBay, has made a good choice when he chose Meg Whitman to handle his company. Advertisements play a major role in the success of one company as they help in creating public awareness. The first PR Manager of eBay has shown her passion for her work by creating a very good â€Å"myth† about the company. She has used every advertisement techniques to make a good reputation for the company. This good reputation of the company has been a collaboration of good advertisement techniques and good feedback of the services that they provide (Maney, 2005). Customer relationship is an important aspect in retaining customers; this could be achieved by providing a fast and reliable service. Omidyar has commented that aside from carefully managing their employees, the success of e-bay could be attributed to the right decision prowess of its CEO, Whitman. She was able to understand well that an online auction web also needs guiding and understanding the growing community of eBay sellers. Whitman’s strategy in managing the organization was being flexible and keeping in phase with the fast movement of the business (Maney, 2005). The total crash of the eBay sites that happened last June 10, 1999 has humbled the company and has teach the company on some pints regarding taking care of their system and clients as well. The system has crashed for a total of twenty-two hours. They had contacted all those affected by the system crash and this has made a direct impact on the customers, making them feel like they were really an important element of the organization. eBay has let the customers help themselves by providing a framework of a self-serve site. eBay has been an icon in the online business that even school try to use the site to teach students about e-commerce (Johnston, 2002). Conclusions/ Recommendations Any business needs an amount of risk and determination to succeed. The capital is one important factor that determines the future of one industry that is why it is important that the amount invested in any given company or business is carefully monitored if it is being use to the fullest and if it will augment to all the needs needed to make it. The capital of one company could be handled well if they have the right organizational strategies. In electronic business the common problems that may arise will be rejection of service attacks, viruses, obliteration, and theft of their intellectual property. These problems could be prevented if the organization has good managerial considerations and technical options. There should be a balance between internal and external security management (Greiger and Wegman., 2002). Each component contributes to the behavior of the system. No component has an independent effect on the system. The behavior of the system is changed if any component is removed or changed. The system has an outside an environment which provides inputs into the system and receives outputs from the system. All customers want a company that would work to their advantage without any surprises regarding deals made between him and the financial company. They would love someone who could provide them and first-rate service and a bank that has security that they could provide service for a long time. Money matter is one issue among the working citizens that requires them to think a hundred times before getting the service of any financial company. There are a lot of companies that tries to persuade them to invest in their company and that they will be getting their money’s value. Assessing one program’s effectiveness is crucial to its success. Evaluations of the advertisements and marketing strategy could guide the company if there adjustments are needed. Evaluation of the trend of existing customers would be one way of checking if objectives are being met. This could be on the form of surveys and questionnaires regarding how they foresee the services being provided. The key to a successful partnership is inter-dependency. In choosing an e-commerce site that would provide the services needed by one person, they must make sure that they are dealing with the best in the field. A customer must make sure that they are entrusting their money with the correct organization, whenever it is the traditional way or online. Reference Brackers, Kevin. (2004). Chapter 13: Capital Restructure. Pittsburg State University. Retrieved September 18, 2006 from http://www.pittstate.edu/econ/ch12326.html Chapman, Alan. (2004). Strategy Implementation and Realization. Farsight Leadership Ltd. Businessball.com. Retrieved September 18, 2006 from http://www.businessballs.com/businessstrategyimplementation.htm Greiger, Joseph and Jerry Wegman. (2002). Small Business and E-Commerce: Strategic and Legal Concerns. University of Idaho. Retrieved September 17, 2006 from http://www.cbe.uidaho.edu/wegman/geiger-wegman%202002%20website.htm HSBC fact sheet. 2006. HSBC Global Site. Retrieved September 17, 2006 from http://www.hsbc.com/hsbc/investor_centre/fast-facts Johnston, Timothy C. (2002). Using E-bay to teach E-commerce. The University of Tennessee at Martin. Retrieved September 18, 2006 from http://www.utm.edu/staff/johnston/papers/ebayteachec.doc Keen, Peter and Sajda Qureshiï€ ª. (2006). Organizational Transformation through Business Models: A Framework for Business Model Design. Proceedings of the 39th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Retrieved September 18, 2006 from http://www.hicss.hawaii.edu/HICSS39/Best%20Papers/OS/08-14 05.pdf#search=organizational%20framework%20of%20ebay Maney, Kevin. (2005). 10 years ago, eBay changed the world. USA Today. Retrieved September 18, 2006 from http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2005-03-21-ebay-cover_x.htm Miner, John B. (2005) Organizational Behavior I: Essential Theories of Motivation and Leadership. HF5549 2005-003746 0-7656-1523-1 Sharpe, Inc. Reference Research Book News. Retrieved September 18, 2006 from http://www.findarticles.com/p/search?tb=artqt=Organizational+behavior+/+Analysis Sharpened Productions. (2006). Definition of E-commerce. Retrieved September 18, 2006 from http://www.sharpened.net/glossary/definition.php?ecommerce The Ebay company. Retrieved September 18, 2006 from http://pages.ebay.com/aboutebay/thecompany/companyoverview.html Wikipedia. (2006) E-commerce. Retrieved September 17, 2006 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_commerce Wozniak, Lynne. (1997) International Business Ethics: When a Corporate Code of Conduct is Not Enough.. Relocation Journal Real Estate News. Retrieved September 17, 2006 from http://www.relojournal.com/july97/ethics.htm

Containment Early Cold war Essay -- miscellaneous

Containment Early Cold war In the early years of the Cold War, both the Truman and Eisenhower administrations pursued a policy of containment to counter perceived Soviet aggression. Generally, the presidential administrations pursued this policy to maintain stability in the international arena, to maintain a balance of power, and also in a sense, to express disapproval of totalitarian, non-democratic regimes. Containment was expressed through a variety of policies and institutions: economic, political and, of course, military. The ways the early presidential administrations defined and implemented containment strategy inevitably changed in focus, importance, and emphasis over time. While both external and internal reasons accounted to an extent for the specifics of the containment policies of both administrations, the Truman administration was more concerned with maintaining a balance of power within the international community than necessarily appeasing internal pressures, especially fiscal pressures. The Eis enhower administration, on the other hand, assigned a greater importance to domestic politics in formulating its containment policies. First I will outline the differences of the two administrations, and then I will argue that the differences in the two administrations stem from their predominant influences: whereas external threats mainly shaped the Truman administration's containment policy, internal politics mainly shaped the Eisenhower administration's containment policy. First of all, both administrations had different economic priorities. Although Truman was concerned about keeping taxes low and government spending capped, he also saw the need for military expenditures in Europe and Asia to keep an adequate balance of power. Truman implemented an assortment of aid packages to Europe and Asia, in effect, to help those countries help themselves. He saw economic stability as essential for peace and stability in the intentional arena. Moreover, he saw giving aid to these countries as a way to subtly influence the ideology of their constituents. Furthermore, Truman accepted ongoing government economic intervention as an appropriate way to direct resources within the economy. Eisenhower, on the other hand, was more interested in a conservative fiscal policy, and tight control on government spending. He was more intent on trading with the countrie... ...endencies, they took their influence for policy from different sources. Thus, their foreign policy had a different approach. The Truman administration was more concerned with Stalin’s expansionist tendencies, and sought to contain him by the best means possible, which he considered to be conventional warfare. Truman used rhetoric and threat to sell his policy to Congress and the American people, because his policy was expensive. Eisenhower, on the other hand, was more concerned with his popularity and cutting taxes than pursuing expensive overseas militaries. He was able to cut costs by using nuclear capabilities as a deterrent against the Soviets. Thus, he used a more capital-intensive, and less labor-intensive means to detract Soviet expansion. Because he was able to cut costs so effectively, it was not as important for him to sell him policy to the public. That is namely why Eisenhower was such a popular president. References www.globalsecurity.org/military/ library/report/1992/MJA.htm www.nwc.navy.mil/CNCSCaseStudies/cases/case09.htm www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/truman/ regentsprep.org/Regents/ushisgov/themes/ presidentialactions/commander.cfm

Nature vs. Nurture in Oliver Twist Essay

Out of all the questions that anyone may have for the novel, Oliver Twist, one of the more common questions that can occur is; â€Å"What determines a person’s personality, decisions, actions, etc. Is nature to blame? Or is it nurture’s fault?† Seeing as though Oliver was orphaned at birth and never had a real mother or siblings to look up to, this essay will focus on the nurture section of the question. Nurture, by definition, is the value of experiences, cultural influences, and learned actions/reactions in a growing offspring’s life. Nature is defined as the qualities with which people are born (including genetic make-up, stable personality traits, â€Å"animals instincts†, etc.) Oliver had many bad influences to decide that it may have been nature that had affected him the most in this situation. In all cases, the nature vs. nurture debate is one and the same. Caring for a child most assiduously is very important, according to the definition of nurture, and within the story of Oliver Twist, the child never seemed to receive proper nurturing from any of the parochial people or thieves that he had accompanied. Dickens writes the character of Oliver in a way that seems to cement his stance in nature’s court; that Oliver appears to be an innately good person. His experiences in the workhouse, the abuse he has to endure from Mr. Bumble and other characters, and his exposure to a life of crime does not make Oliver turn from good to bad. However, to assume that Dickens supports the idea that only nurture is responsible for determining a person’s personality would be incorrect. In fact, other characters within the novel, assert that they are products of their environments. This means that characters such as Nancy, the Artful Dodger, and others have been molded by their experiences, which clearly supports nurture’s side of the debate. From a scientific point of view, most psychologists agree that neither nature nor nurture can be held completely responsible for the shaping of a person’s personality. When faced with the nature vs. nurture debate in real situations, it is typically assumed that personality can be attributed partly to nature and partly to nurture. At first glance many of Dickens’s characters appear to favor either nature or nurture, but further investigation shows that each character embodies traits that can be attributed to both. In Oliver Twist, Dickens draws the attention to numerous issues. For example, there is a very clear theme of disapproval of the 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act (and its accompanying effects) throughout then novel. And while most of the other issues that Dickens includes in his writing are societal, he does bring up an interesting debate that has psychological roots. Although Oliver is surrounded by horrible situations, Dickens still had a tone of hope underscoring it all. At points, there were questions if that was because the reader knew what would happen in the end. But Dickens intended Oliver Twist to be somewhat humorous. For example, by illustrating the dichotomy of the wealthy, fat parish leaders feasting while orphaned workhouse children starve on gruel. In conclusion, both sides to the debate of whether or not Oliver was most affected by nature or nurture remains to the opinion of the reader. Of course there may be certain circumstances as to which side the reader may favor and Dickens had probably pursued that route, intending for the reader to decide Oliver’s fate. The nature vs. nurture argument pertains to anyone who wishes for a good debate in their reading selections of Charles Dickens.

Sir Gawain And The Green Knight - 862 Words

In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, by an unknown author referred to as the â€Å"Pearl Poet,† we are introduced to Sir Gawain. Gawain is a knight of the Round Table and he is also the nephew of King Arthur. As a knight, Gawain is expected to possess and abide by many chivalrous facets. Throughout the poem he portrays many of the qualities a knight should possess, such as bravery, courtesy, and honor among others. Because of his ability to possess these virtues even when tempted to stray away from them, Sir Gawain is a true knight. Gawain’s first portrayal of being a true knight comes when the Green Knight makes his appearance in Camelot. The Green Knight first speaks to King Arthur and proposes that they play a â€Å"game.† Arthur will strike the Green Knight with his axe, and in return the Green Knight will return the strike in a year and a day. King Arthur agrees to this game and its terms, but as he steps up to accept the challenge, Gawain comes forward and o ffers to participate in the â€Å"game† in place of King Arthur. Sir Gawain says to King Arthur, â€Å"I implore with prayer plain that this match should now be mine† (341-342). Gawain goes on to strike the Green Knight, cutting off his head. However, the strike does not kill the Green Knight; he picks up his head from the ground and repeats to Sir Gawain that he will return the blow in a year and a day. In this moment, Gawain’s bravery is clearly showcased. First, he takes a challenge in place of his king, which he did not have to do.Show MoreRelatedSir Gawain And The Green Knight1359 Words   |  6 PagesIn the poem â€Å"Sir Gawain and The Green Knight,† a protagonist emerges depicting an Arthurian knight named Sir Gawain. Sir Gawain, King Arthur’s nephew, takes initiative by accepting the challenge requested by the Green Knight in place of his uncle. He undergoes a perilous adventure, seeking for the Green Knight to receive the final blow. Alt hough Sir Gawain is not viewed as a hero for his military accomplishments, he is, however, viewed as a heroic figure by the Knights at the Round Table for hisRead MoreSir Gawain and the Green Knight1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe poem of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight compares a super natural creature to nature. The mystery of the poem is ironic to the anonymous author. The story dates back into the fourteenth century, but no one knows who originally wrote the poem. This unknown author explains in the poem of Sir Gawain not knowing of the location of the Green Chapel and or who the Green Knight really is. This keeps the reader entertained with the suspicion of not knowing. The author then does not give his name orRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1687 Words   |  7 PagesSir Gawain and the Green Knight contains ambiguity and irony that make it interesting to read and teach. 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They agree that â€Å"what ever [Bertilak catches] in the wood shall become [Sir Gawain’s], and what ever mishap comes [Sir Gawain’s] way will be given to [Bertilak] in exchange.† (Sir Gawain†¦, ln 1105-1007). In this deal we slowly see Gawain loose his honor as paralleled with Sir B ertilak’s hunt. The first animal that is hunted by the knight is a deer, while thisRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesFall 16 Donnelly Many years ago, knights were expected to form a certain type of relationship with their king, this relationship was otherwise known as fealty. Fealty is a knight’s sworn loyalty to their king (in other words a loyal relationship should be formed between the two). The use of this relationship is shown in the poem called â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† ( the author is unknown). 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Many of the basic principles that describe heroes in Medieval Literature are seen in both of these characters even though they were written in different times. There are distinct similarities, differences, and also a progression of what the hero was in English literature, between Sir Gawain andRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1152 Words   |  5 PagesIn the medieval poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, translated by Brian Stone, the idea of righteousness pervades Sir Gawain’s quest. The poem was first written in Arthurian England, where the knights are expected to follow the code of chivalry, which te lls them how to behave. Sir Gawain, the main character, is no exception, as every decision he makes follows that code of chivalry, save one. He is then punished for that one foolish choice, suggesting that a man must strive to be chivalrous, even

Without Seeing the Dawn Book Report - 1064 Words

Clarence Delano B. Juanico 7-Tindalo Novel Report in PLE (Philippine Language in Literature) Without Seeing the Dawn I. Author’s Background Stevan Javellana was born in 1918 in Iloilo. He fought as a guerilla during the Japanese invasion of the Philippines. After the World War II, he graduated from the University of the Philippines College of Law in 1948. He stayed in the United States afterwards but he died in the Visayas in 1977 at the age of 59. II. Setting Village of Manhayang- Carding was given birth in this village; they had a farm but were taken by Don Diego. Iloilo City- Carding went to Iloilo city with his wife to find a job. He worked as a Stevedore and met Nestong the strongest man before†¦show more content†¦This made him mad that he wanted to kill all the Japanese even if he swore to never touch a gun again. Then there was a mission that he was needed to burn the Japanese ammunition dump. There he met Rosing again but he was married to Nestong, she was a prostitute. Rosing still loves him that she burned the ammunition dump by herself. Carding and Rosing got arrested because Nestong reported to the police. Carding got out after a few days but Rosing got her head cut off. He came back and was promoted as the lieutenant. His army prepared for a fight without guns, Carding led them. They the villagers to go to the nearby village but Lucing stayed and he prayed until the first gunshot was heard. V. Theme A friend can be an enemy Carding’s uncle and his friend, Polo, worked for the Japanese against them. VI. Motif Journey- Carding and Lucing went to different places. They tried to live in different places nut ended up in the village. Love- He married Lucing but he also loved Rosing. Death- Many people died because there was a war that time. Rape- Many got raped by the Japanese like Lucing. VII. Symbol Rosing- She symbolizes life of a prostitute. VIII. Reaction I love the book Without Seeing the Dawn. 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